Federal and Local Law Enforcement free essay sample

Administrative and Local Law Enforcement Sherle Spencer Everest College Intro to Criminal Justice Abstract Police offices are formed by the sort of government under which they work and our administration comprises of bureaucratic, state, and neighborhood law requirement offices. These offices work with a particular reason and target. This paper will concentrate on the likenesses and contrasts between the FBI and the neighborhood police. Police organizations work at all degrees of government, each being liable for explicit obligations and capacities. These offices have the overwhelming errand of shielding our country from outside dangers and keeping individuals from defrauding each other in the network. The FBI The Mission The strategic the FBI is to maintain the law through the examination of infringement of government criminal law; to shield the United States from outside knowledge and fear based oppressor exercises; to give administration and law implementation help to bureaucratic, state, neighborhood, and worldwide organizations; and to play out these duties in a way that is receptive to the requirements of people in general and is devoted to the Constitution of the United States (Kessler, R. We will compose a custom article test on Government and Local Law Enforcement or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 1993). The organization we presently know as the Federal Bureau of Investigation was established in 1908 when Attorney General Charles J. Bonaparte selected a power of Special Agents to be the analytical power of the Department of Justice. Preceding that, operators from the Secret Service were utilized to explore government criminal laws inside its locale. From its commencement, the FBI was for the most part liable for directing inner security examinations, yet their job was extended with an end goal to counter endeavors made by remote insight offices to take U. S. military and strategic privileged insights. Today, the Bureau has given top need to five zones that influence society the most: Counterterrorism, drugs/sorted out wrongdoing, outside counterintelligence, rough violations and salaried violations. As a rule, government law requirement offices serve to implement administrative laws and guidelines and ensure bureaucratic property and organizations (Langworthy, R. H. , Travis III, L. F. , 1999). Commitments to Law Enforcement Technology Training The FBI furnishes law authorization offices with administrations, for example, unique finger impression recognizable proof, lab assessments, and police preparing. The Bureau assisted with advancing the utilization of the most up to date innovation to distinguish crooks. The FBI’s investigative lab became the impetus for how innovation could be utilized to unravel violations and related to the National Crime Information Center, gave an extensive across the nation connect to capture and distinguishing proof records created by nearby and state police organizations. The Bureau put incredible accentuation on particular information in the presentation of police work and in doing as such; Herbert Hoover built up an extraordinary preparing school in the Bureau’s New York City office to guarantee the correct preparing of specialists. Afterward, the school was moved to Washington, D. C. , lastly to Quantico, Virginia. Notwithstanding preparing new government operators, Hoover made a National Academy to prepare police from around the nation in the most recent law implementation methods. The principle objective was to raise the degree of polished skill in law requirement across the nation (Theoharis, A. G. , Poveda, T. G. , Rosenfeld, S. , Powers, R. G. , 1999). The Police Patrol The nearby police are the most noticeable piece of the criminal equity framework. Their capacity is to watch, capture law violators, research wrongdoings, uphold transit regulations, and give group and traffic control. They are on the job 24 hours every day, 7 days per week and we have an immediate line to contact and speak with them. While on the lookout, the officials become familiar with individuals from the network; connections are developed, which in many cases are significant apparatuses to the beat official. The most perilous parts of police work are done by the formally dressed watch officials.

Cinema In a World of Its Own Essay Example For Students

Film In a World of Its Own Essay The principle question meant to reply here is absolutely if film is without a doubt its very own universe. Evidently basic, this inquiry appreciates a wide scope of angles and specifities identified with film as well as to past visual gadgets, for example, photography. All through the examination of contentions, some restricting, some support up the idea of film as a subsequent world (Frampton, 2006: 1), other pertinent issues will emerge, for example, the manner by which is feasible for us to connect with film in the event that we consider that it speaks to a world other than our own. So as to respond to the proposed question, one should initially comprehend film as a specialized visual gadget, maybe one of the best while thinking about its ability of influencing people and society as a rule. At the point when film showed up, and as supported by Crary (1988), it established another worldview in the visual culture by causing a break with all the past optical gadgets: film doesn't attempt to reflect any prior the real world; rather, film creates another reality where its own authenticity, truth and objectivity are given something to do. In any case, in the start of the nineteenth century there was still who accepted that film guaranteed the enlistment of unadulterated materiality sans emotional mediation (Dasgrupta in Colman, 2009: 340), a desire recently positioned upon photography. Rancire killed this desire by asserting that if the eye of the camera needs nothing, as recently expressed by Epstein, that why it is made to need something by the movie producer (Rancire cited in Dasgrupta, 2009: 340). This similarly speaks to a defining moment brought about by film as it, contrarly to photography and even to the perspetive method in painting, never denied its subjetive measurement, going considerably further by re-joining the human vision and tolerating that the creation of pictures is unavoidably associated with the foundation of perspectives. So as to comprehend whether film is an impression of the real world or a misshaped reflection of that equivalent reality (Frampton, 2006: 3) one must investigate the not all that short way of film creation. In the examination Baudry and Williams (1974) made about how the specialized cinematographic mechanical assembly can be utilized to hide the ideological substance in film, they build up the minutes in which that equivalent device mediates in the film creation. The creators perceived two key minutes in which an instrumental base intercedes during film creation: the main, recognized as decoupage, occurs between target reality and the camera, comprising in the breakdown of the scenes which will be shot; the subsequent second occurs between the engraving and the projection, in a procedure which is generally known as after creation (1974: 40). The camera is here comprehended as an instrument which involves a moderate position, not sabotaging it as the administrator of a key transformation of the connoting material (1974: 40). Every one of these stages are considered by the creators to be a piece of the cinematographic explicitness, which they expect, comprises in transmuting the target reality into the film itself. That transfiguration further incorporates the dynamization of room and, as needs be, spatialization of time (Panofsky in Cohen and Mast, 1974: 154) implying that a film is fit for depicting occasions which occurred during days, months or even a long time in a time period of around 120 minutes. This specialized way to deal with film and its instruments authenticates Framptons origination of film as its own reality with its own aims and creativities (2006: 5). Frampton himself moves toward the demonstration of cinematographic creation as a procedure which transmutes reality, not denying that film utilizes it at an early and short lived stage. In any case, that the truth is right away submitted to the film-mind which, as Frampton depicts it, is simply the film (2006: 7), including its goals. The primary point of the film-mind is to make an acceptable domain for the activity (Perkins, 1993: 94) by remembering components for the film-world which can be perceived by the onlooker (Frampton, 2006). Furthermore, the film-mind through the film-believing is likewise liable for structuring and refiguring the film-world (Frampton, 2006: 7). Perkins gives an applicable case of what is implied by movie thinking while, ascribing that idea to the movies executive, shows he/she can control what occurs inside the picture. The executive can deliver an individual treatment of the content circumstance by controlling the activity, in detail, association and accentuation (1993: 74). Plato's Two-World Theory EssayTaking into account all of movies specificities and procedures associated with its creation, it turns out to be practically difficult to preclude Framptons origination from securing it as an alternate world with its own standards (2006: 5). Be that as it may, one can without much of a stretch inquiry how we connect with film to the point of feeling joy and delight in the event that it delineates anecdotal or even fantastical circumstances difficult to see in our own reality. Besides, in what capacity can film impact our enthusiastic lives and furthermore consider along with the procedure by which a culture teaches its individuals (Platinga in Allen and Smith, 1999: 398). Perkins precludes speculations from securing fantasy which propose that film can make the observer draw in with it to the point of causing him to overlook that what is being introduced on screen isn't genuine (1993: 71). Platinga shares this view by expressing that the onlooker must have steady mindfulness that what he sees is fake and that he is outside of the anecdotal world (1999: 379). The two creators are then clearly precluding a definitive trademark from securing the simulacra (Deleuze, 1983; Debray, 1992), in what respects to film: the figment and the collaboration it produces, in any event, when taken to another level by the utilization of new advancements and film designs like the 3D show framework and IMAX, are insufficient for the observers to see film as something which is inside our world. Platinga (1999: 376) additionally will not acknowledge Neo-Freudian speculations, similar to the one introduced by Laura Mulvey who recommends the deception of glancing in on a private word as the fundamental wellspring of joy for the crowd by letting them loosen up their voyeuristic phantasy (in Hollows, Joanne et al, 2000: 241). By utilizing a subjective methodology while considering the onlookers inclusion in films, Platinga (1999: 378) recommends that the passionate states experienced while watching a film rely upon the psychological reaction every individual has towards the circumstances depicted. While alluding to the idea hypothesis, which recommends that we can have genuine full of feeling reactions not exclusively to real occasions yet in addition to those we picture, Platinga legitimizes how filmgoers have enthusiastic reactions while watching a film (1999: 380). Film can even have an effect outside the film, changing people groups esteems, practices and even their method of seeing reality. That effect is accomplished through reiteration and advancement (causing the situation to appear to be normal, ethically right, or as per propelled tastes and mentalities) (Platinga, 1999: 389). By method of end, it is currently conceivable to express that, in spite of the fact that not being the equivalent, our reality and the film world offer an association as a cooperative connection. Reference index: Crary, J. 1988. Procedures of the Observer, October, Vol. 45, pp 3-35 JSTOR . Accessible at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/779041 Baudry, J.L. furthermore, Williams, A. 1974. Impacts of the Basic Cinematographic Apparatus, Film Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp 39-47 JSTOR . Accessible at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1211632 Dasgrupta, S., 2009. Jacques Ranciere. In: Coleman, F., Film Theory and Philosophy: The Key Thinkers. Durham: Acumen, pp. 339-348 Debray, R., 1992. Douze thses sur lordre nouveau et une ultime question. In: Vie et mort de limage. Paris: Gallimard, pp. 491-506 Deleuze, G., 1969. Plato and the Simulacrum. Deciphered by: Krauss, R., 1983. October, Vol. 27, pp 45-56 JSTOR . Accessible at: http://jstor.org/stable/778495 Frampton, D., 2006. Presentation. In: Filmosophy. London: Wallflower, pp. 1-12 Harris, M., 2008. The Oscars Which altering is significantly better than. The New York Times (January 6). Accessible at: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/06/motion pictures/awardsseason/06harr.html?_r=0 Mulvey, L., 2000. Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. In Hollows, Joanne et al, The Film Studies Reader. London: Arnold, pp. 238-248 Panofsky, E., 1974. Style and Medium in the Motion Pictures. In: Cohen, M. also, Mast, G., Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings. London: Oxford, pp. 151-169 Perkins, V. F., 1993. The World and Its Image. In: Film as Film: Understanding and Judging Movies. Da Capo Press, pp. 71-115 Platinga, C., 1999. Notes on Spectator Emotion and Ideological Film Criticism. In: Allen, R. also, Smith, M., Film Theory and Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 373-393 Gravity, 2013 . Coordinated by Alfonso Cuarn. Joined Kingdom and United States: Warner Bros., Esperanto Filmojm and Heyday Films.

Writing About Myself - Tips For Students

Writing About Myself - Tips For StudentsMany students feel that essay writing about myself is just the same as writing about someone else. You are only allowed to write about yourself once every other class. At this point, it is important to understand that most professors would like to have you write about yourself at least twice a semester, because it is very common for a student to forget that he or she has responsibility for the way their essays are written.Your work at home will be much more productive if you use an essay writing software program. Most students believe that they can focus on getting better grades while being distracted by the sound of their own typing. Your goal should be to write an essay without using your hands or having to do anything except type. It is very common for students to not notice the sounds that make up their essays until it is too late to take corrective action.Essay writing about myself is not the same as writing about someone else. You have to understand that your essay has to make sense, in a logical manner. When you write about yourself, you have to remember that this is your story and not someone else's. Try to stick to the topic, or what you have learned about yourself in class, but be sure to express yourself clearly.Do not write about yourself in too much detail, and do not retell the same story over again in your essay. The main idea of the essay should be able to stand on its own, because each person does not have the same experiences that you do. You can mention them if necessary but do not rehash them or even discuss them.When you are writing about yourself, make sure to write about aspects of yourself that you want others to know about. You may write about your interests, your hobbies, your relatives, or even your dress sense. Be sure to add a personal touch to your essay, so that the reader is able to relate to you.Self-evaluation is a good thing to include in your essay. Sometimes you can get caught up in ot her things and forget about yourself. However, a self-examination helps you notice your strengths and weaknesses. A thorough examination of your own talents and skills can help you to improve on your accomplishments.Finally, when you are writing your own essay, try to talk about the topics that interest you. Let your passion shine through, and let your unique writing style show the way. Do not become too cerebral in your writing. Avoid using academic vocabulary that is found in textbooks, because this will be distracting to your readers.If you can follow these tips, you will find writing a personal essay easier than you ever imagined. Writing about myself will be enjoyable and rewarding, and you will find that it will help you become a better writer in the future.

Political Theories of sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Political Theories of sexuality - Essay Example al jobs, specifically, ladies should show themselves essentially as spouses, moms and householders, while men are viewed as liable for the budgetary prosperity of the family. These social standards are normal to the point that any infringement of these portrayals compromises people judgment from society yet in addition disconnection from it. Offer to an assortment of philosophical and logical research reveals insight into this issue and one can comprehend why the cutting edge American culture experiences this issue. The way that its sources have profound roots. They are so generally developed in the human world that even present day American culture despite the accomplishments in the field of science and mechanical advancement keeps on showing a severe strategy of sex jobs. Specifically, one reason can be found in the impact of the Christian legacy in the way of life of the Western world. The German scholar Friedrich Nietzsche highlighted the way that the Christian culture and profound quality dependent on it and introduced in the Western world have a profound scorn for the individual human opportunity in the decision of sex jobs and approaches to actualize one’s sexuality. The value of Nietzsche is that he attempted to make an individual ready to impact the arrangement of open profound quality that considers the way that the man isn't a machine however a living animal having his/her needs and inclinations, including sexual. Indeed, even the extraordinary psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud additionally causes to notice the antagonistic effect of social standards of Western culture on the individual people life. He focuses to the way that Western culture is penetrated with the craving to place an individual in an exceptionally inflexible structure, remembering for connection to his/her status of sex and sexuality. As to the across the board generalization that gentilit y is principally associated with shortcoming, resignation, and so forth., one can allude to the finishes of Simone de Beauvoir. Because of careful research Beauvoir went to the possibility that such an

Instrumental and end values Essay

Qualities are one’s judgment of what is significant throughout everyday life. One method of considering esteems is as far as instrumental and end esteems. Instrumental qualities are convictions about the sort of conduct suitable for arriving at specific objectives. End esteems or in some cases called terminal qualities, are convictions about the sort of objectives or results that merit attempting to seek after. This paper will clearly portray the essential ideas of each worth while analyzing my own rundown and rankings of five instrumental and end esteems generally critical to me. End vales can be arranged by two unique angles, individual and social. My end vales comprise of uniformity, an energizing life, dignity, a feeling of achievement, and knowledge. The end esteems generally essential to me lean towards an increasingly close to home viewpoint, despite the fact that uniformity is viewed as a social end an incentive as indicated by Rokeach. Settling on fundamental life choices consider these five end esteems. Balance is certainly one of most significant qualities throughout my life. Correspondence among loved ones has consistently been one of the significant qualities throughout my life. An energizing life is important for one’s satisfaction and joy prompts a positive emanation encompassing a person. Confidence, a feeling of achievement and knowledge are three viewpoints that are integrated. An individual needs to have confidence and a feeling of achievement to procure astuteness. Instrumental qualities, as indicated by Rokeach, fall in two classes too; profound quality and ability. The methods individuals use to accomplish their objectives may abuse virtues like trustworthiness, or damage one’s individual feeling of fitness and capacity like become irrational. My five instrumental qualities incorporate aspiration, neatness, absolution, duty, and restraint. The instrumental qualities generally critical to me concentrates more on ability than ethical quality. These instrumental objectives are key perspectives that emphasis on seeking after one’s life objectives. Trustworthiness is the best strategy. Genuineness is one of the most significant perspectives in seeking after one’s objectives throughout everyday life. Desire is additionally one of numerous significant qualities in an objective arranged individual. Desire is required for one to accomplish objectives and be effective. Neatness andâ responsibility are at an equivalent degree of si gnificance in my life. Tidiness is related with obligation from various perspectives. One must be mindful to keep oneself and one’s environmental factors clean which prompts a cheerful way of life. Pardoning and poise are two sharp qualities to one’s life also. Restraint is critical to prevail throughout everyday life. Be that as it may, each individual has both instrumental and end esteems, each individual varies by they way they request the qualities into needs, which represents huge variety among individuals. Grasping one’s own qualities explains what is significant, which is basic for compelling authority. Pioneers can distinguish and appreciate esteem contrasts to improve correspondence and viability. Instrumental and end esteems are both basic in accomplishing objectives and having a fruitful life whether it is an individual end worth and social end worth or ethical quality instrumental worth and capability instrumental worth. This paper depicted and recorded five instrumental and end esteem and their significance in one’s life. Qualities are crucial convictions that an individual considers to be significant that affect perspectives and conduct.

Causes and Effects of Adolescent Suicide Thirteen Reasons Why - Literature Essay Samples

In society, many problems are often ignored and stigmatized. Among these are suicide and mental health issues. These dilemmas have become more common to talk about in recent years; however, society as a whole still has a long way to go in understanding these complicated occurrences. Because of this, it is surprising to many that suicide is the third leading cause of death among people aged 10-24 (Pytash). In the popular young adult novel Thirteen Reasons Why, a girl named Hannah Baker leaves behind thirteen audio tapes before she commits suicide, with each tape addressed to a specific person and explaining how that individual played a role in her death. The book focuses heavily on why she took her own life, with some of the main reasons being bullying, harassment, and self-hate. It also shows how people are affected by suicide, through the point of view of a boy named Clay Jensen, who had a crush on Hannah and received a tape. Thirteen Reasons Why by Jay Asher brings many issues to l ight and guides the reader through the causes and effects of suicide. It exemplifies how seemingly harmless situations can spiral out of control and lead to someone’s death. All of these issues are extremely relevant and common in today’s society, yet exceedingly underestimated. The cause of suicide is often unclear and debatable. It is a tragic event that leaves friends, family, and the community in shock and disbelief. The definite answer to the question of â€Å"why† may never be answered, however, there are many known factors based on research that could cause one to contemplate suicide. According to the Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, the leading contributing factors in general terms are depression, conflict with parents, relationship problems, and substance abuse (Sinyor). In the novel, Hannah Baker was harassed by a â€Å"peeping Tom† named Tyler Down. She suspected that he was spying on her bedroom, and set up an elaborate plan to catch him (Asher 59). This clear invasion of privacy made Hannah feel as if her one safe haven was violated beyond her control. Tyler’s perverted actions started the trend of Hannah’s feelings of objectification, which was ultimately a factor in her taking her own life. It most likely never occur red to him that his harassment would lead to her death. Although Hannah speaks out against harassment in the tapes, the circulation of this story actually led to humiliation and bullying for Tyler and many others mentioned on the tapes. Whether this was justified or not is up to the reader and their moral compass. A major cause of suicide both in real life and in the novel is inaction. It is a very hard occurrence to monitor, but very deadly. Many people, such as friends, family members, teachers, and other adults, aren’t sure how to spot the signs of an at-risk person. Because it is often very difficult for a suicidal person to reach out for help, people in positions of authority must be vigilant for warning signs. On the last cassette tape, it is revealed that Hannah tried to reach out to her guidance counselor and English teacher, Mr. Porter. She recorded the audio of their entire conversation to include in the tapes, and stated, â€Å"The only thing standing between you and this collection of audiotapes is: Mr. Porter,† (Asher 143). During their taped conversation, Hannah was extremely vague. She frequently dropped hints that she was suicidal, but Mr. Porter did not pick up on them. He told her that moving on from things that hurt her in the past may be her best option, which was not what she wanted to hear. She wanted someone to give her viable advice on how to overcome pain. He let her leave the room when she showed troubling signs of self-loathing, which was a huge mistake (Asher 151). This single conversation made Hannah feel as if there was no way out of her struggles, and that no one cared. This was obviously far from the truth, but in her state of mind, it was accurate. This happens frequently in the real world as well. In a study included in the Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, it was found that when preservice teachers read Thirteen Reasons Why, â€Å"they recognized how the adults in the story did not support the adolescent characters; this realization provided an almost ‘trial-error experimentation’ when PSTs considered how they might react in similar situations,† (Potash). Learning from the mistakes made by characters in Asher’s novel is critical to saving the life of struggling students in the future. Yet another major factor that often causes young people to consider suicide is mental illness, especially depression. Depression does not always lead to suicide, but it does increase the risk. According to the Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, depression is the leading risk factor in adolescents. In their study, 38 out of 74 youth suicide deaths were attributed to depression (Sinyor). These statistics are exemplified by the tragic case of Madison Holleran. Madison was a beautiful and intelligent 19-year-old Ivy League track star who committed suicide at University of Pennsylvania in 2014. Although everything seemed to be going right in her life, she battled depression due to the pressure she put on herself to be perfect. In a feature article from ESPN on her story, it was stated that: Madison was beautiful, talented, successful very nearly the epitome of what every young girl is supposed to hope she becomes. But she was also a perfectionist who struggled when she performed poorly. She was a deep thinker, someone who was aware of the image she presented to the world, and someone who often struggled with what that image conveyed about her, with how people superficially read who she was, what her life was like (Fagan). The struggles that Madison faced are similar to how Hannah felt. Many people believed that because she was beautiful and seemed to live a good lifestyle, she had no problems. Even though Madison did reach out for help and started seeing a therapist, it wasn’t enough. When Hannah reached out to her guidance counselor, she still felt helpless. This hopelessness and depression is a major cause of suicide. Suicide often leaves people in shock and disbelief, and can have long term effects on the people left behind. There is often confusion, as people wonder why things played out the way they did. It is often wondered if anything could have been done to prevent this tragic occurrence. Because of this, guilt is a very common effect of suicide. In the novel, the guilt that some people on the tapes felt after Hannah’s death continued to haunt them. It is foreshadowed that it will affect them greatly in the future. As Tony, the boy in charge of circulating the tapes, stated to Clay, â€Å"We’re all to blame, at least a little,† (Asher 124). Hannah put this guilt on them purposely because she wanted them to feel responsible for her death and not make the same mistakes again. According to the Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy’s study on preservice teachers and young adult novels, â€Å"reasons for reading Thirteen Reasons Whywere based on prior life experien ces; they were searching for answers. Of the 22 PSTs, 10 knew either a friend or a classmate who committed suicide; one student related that a friends father committed suicide. PSTs hoped that through reading they would begin to understand why the persons they knew chose to commit suicide. Corinne said, ‘I wanted to have a better understanding of his thoughts.’ Similarly, Shayla, whose high school classmate committed suicide, stated, ‘I often wondered why and what caused him to kill himself,’† (Pytash). Based on these statements alone, it is inferred that people who knew someone who committed suicide are extremely likely to carry guilt for the rest of their lives. They will wonder why the person did it and if there was anything they could’ve done to stop them. This can lead to other serious problems down the road. Traumatic events have the ability to change the way people think and act. Hannah Baker’s suicide caused some people to rethin k every interaction they had with her, and be kinder to other people. This is especially apparent in the case of Clay Jensen. He wanted to get to know Hannah, but the rumors that were spread about her deterred him from doing so (Asher 15). After her suicide, he regrets not reaching out to her. Soon after, he changes how he interacts with people. When he notices his middle school crush in the hallway, instead of ignoring her like he usually does, he acknowledges her. He says, â€Å"But Skye’s walking down the same stretch of hall where I watched Hannah slip away two weeks ago. On that day, Hannah disappeared into a crowd of students, allowing the tapes to say her goodbye. But I can still hear the footsteps of Skye Miller, sounding weaker and weaker the further she gets. And I start walking, toward her. Two steps behind her, I say her name.† (Asher 156). Clay never would have done this in the past, which is a clear indicator that Hannah’s suicide changed him. He i s now more empathetic towards others’ struggles, and can sense when someone needs a friend. These are all effects of the traumatic incident he endured through the tapes. Presenting a contrast to Clay, some people who receive the tapes are not affected by them. They feel no guilt or remorse, and do not make any major changes in their life. This reaction is best exemplified by the character Marcus Cooley. Marcus is included on the tapes because he tried to take advantage of Hannah during their first date (Asher 75). This caused Hannah to start doubting her decision making skills, and really accelerated her downward spiral. When he crosses paths with Clay at Tyler Down’s house after listening to the tapes, he voices that he feels no sorrow for Hannah’s death. In response to Clay asking what he thinks, he says, â€Å"Nothing. It’s ridiculous, I don’t belong on those tapes. Hannah just wanted an excuse to kill herself,† (Asher 110). These harsh and uncalled for statements reveal that sometimes, people feel no guilt. Perhaps this is a coping mechanism for people who, deep down, know they did something wrong. No matter wha t, some people are so unsympathetic that they will never see the error of their ways. This makes the vicious cycle of harassment continue. People can have polar opposite reactions to the same situation, which can lead to two totally different outcomes. There is one cause of adolescent suicide that stands out among the rest. Above all, it is the most preventable. This cause is bullying. Approximately 3.2 million children in grades 6-10 get bullied annually, with even more cases going unreported (Pytash). There are two different types of bullying: direct and indirect. In the novel, Hannah Baker references how she was bullied by a group of boys when an inappropriate list including her name was circulated around school. This is classified as direct bullying. It all started when Alex Standall created a â€Å"hot or not† type list and included her name on it (Asher 19). This led to jealousy, sexual harassment, and bullying for Hannah. Her self-confidence and self-worth gradually decreased as a result. This is a perfect example of how a â€Å"joke† can spiral out of control. In a study done by psychiatrists in Toronto, it was found that bullying was the only cause of suicide in 6.4% of their cases (Sinyor). Although this may seem like a small percentage, it shows the profound impact that bullying can have on one’s mental health The next type of bullying is indirect bullying. It is often less obvious than direct bullying. For example, in Thirteen Reasons Why, Hannah is often excluded and used for the benefit of others. This is hard to recognize from the outside looking in, however, it has detrimental effects on the person being targeted. After reading the novel, preservice teachers realized that, It is bullying when Courtney Crimson used Hannah for a ride to the party and then spreads rumors about her,† (Pytash). Another example of indirect bullying is when Zach Dempsey stole Hannah’s kind notes out of her Peer Communications class box. On the tapes, she responded to this by saying, â€Å"It might not seem like a big deal to you, Zach. But now, I hope you understand. Ineeded those notes. I needed any hope those notes might have offered,† (Asher 87). His actions made Hannah feel completely worthless, and even more attacked. Just like in this situation, bullying is often a sly action, not n ecessarily a physical altercation. Bullying can have a profound effect on young people, especially if they already have other stressors in their life. Hannah struggled with many stressors in addition to bullying, which is very similar to what many adolescents deal with in real life. According to the Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, â€Å"vulnerability to stress and stress factors mix together to create a ‘risk factor’ in young people that leaves them susceptible to depression and suicidal thoughts,† (Breton). The additional stress of being bullied can certainly push people that are considered â€Å"atrisk† over the edge. That is what happened to Hannah; she began to view herself as worthless only after others treated her that way. No matter how many people tried to support her, her thoughts always came back to the people who did not. Thirteen Reasons Why has definitely had a colossal effect on how young people and adults alike think about suicide. Being told a story from such a personal perspective definitely hit home for a lot of people. A review of the novel by Kristine Pytash certainly backs up this statement. Pytash, who is an assistant psychology professor at Kent University, believes that talking about these sensitive topics through literature is the best way to start a difficult discussion. She states, â€Å"Young adult literature focused on issues considered sensitive, taboo, or provocative, such as bullying and suicide, may offer powerful reading experiences; however, it is necessary to offer a time and a safe place for readers to talk about these issues. Readers will need opportunities to express their experiences with the texts and how these experiences influencetheir current understandings of the text. These conversations can happen through literaturecircles or voluntary book clubs,† (Pytash). Asher’s representation of teens struggling through personal issues has become a tool for people, adults in particular, to learn how to prevent and detect problems before they get out of control. Although the issues mentioned are definitely hard to discuss and deal with, the novel Thirteen Reasons Why shows the major causes and effects of suicide. It exemplifies how seemingly simple situations can lead to a drastic outcome. The matters discussed in the book are ones that young people face daily. Based on the book and research, the causes of suicide are versatile and include harassment, inaction by family/friends/authorities, and depression. The effects are definitely more concrete, and include guilt, lifestyle changes, and denial. Bullying is an overarching cause of suicide in general, since it can lead to the other causes. The reasoning behind suicide and the aftermath are very different but can stem from the same place. Suicide, especially among adolescents, is a daunting issue that most likely will never be completely figured out. It is up to everyone to be vigilant about the warning signs and possible causes, to ensure that no one has to endure the effects. Works Cited Asher, Jay. Thirteen Reasons Why. New York: Random House, 2007. Print. Breton, Jean-Jacques, et al. Protective Factors Against Depression And Suicidal Behaviour In Adolescence. Canadian Journal Of Psychiatry 60.(2015): S5-S15. Academic Search Premier. Web. 22 May 2015. Fagan, Kate. Split Image. ESPN. ESPN, 7 May 2015. Web. 22 May 2015. Pytash, Kristine E. Using YA Literature To Help Preservice Teachers Deal With Bullying And Suicide. Journal Of Adolescent Adult Literacy 56.6 (2013): 470-479. ERIC. Web. 22 May 2015. Sinyor, Mark, Ayal Schaffer, and Amy H. Cheung. An Observational Study Of Bullying As A Contributing Factor In Youth Suicide In Toronto. Canadian Journal Of Psychiatry 59.12 (2014): 632-638.Academic Search Premier. Web. 22 May 2015.

What Freedom Does Literacy Offer in Globalised Society - Free Essay Example

What freedom does literacy offer in globalised society It is so easy for us to say that literacy is the most powerful tool at our disposal to give us freedom of speech, freedom of action and freedom of life. It is more complicated a question to ask what is literacy. In this age of technological advancement, the questions of literacy is continually expanding. From doing the most medial tasks, to trying to convince a nation that the words that are being expressed can be converted to action, the way we use literacy continually develops. We can no longer see literacy as being literate, or illiterate, but must look upon literacy as a way of expression through not only words and writing, but all other avenues of media that are at our disposal. I will look at how literacy gives us freedom in a globalised world through the understanding of different cultures, the use of technology and the literacy tools at our disposal. As Nakamura (2002, p. 64) expressed, â€Å"Globalisation is neither the convergence of westernisation nor Americanisation. What this means is that we must look broader than just Western Europe, or the United States to see what globalisation is, and if we want to have true freedom, we must then understand and work with the cultures that surround us. Victoria is an example with its â€Å"thriving multicultural society. Our population hails from over 230 nations, speaks 180 languages and dialects and follows more than 116 religions† (Department of Education and Early Childhood, 2009). With the ease o f travel, and vastness of communication we can no longer live in a monolingual and monocultural society. The world is rapidly changing and multifaceted. With this rapid change, the 1 opportunity arises to educate our students to be a part of this change. It is impossible to have a full understanding of all these different cultures, let alone the differences in culture within this. The task would be made even more impossible without the help of literacy, in its many forms. So what is Literacy exactly? Long have the days past that literacy can be expressed beyond simple printed literacy. There have so many forums of literacy to express ourselves, and we can use these different forums to express different purposes and in different context. Literacy can be expressed by reading the newspaper from print or online, listening to the newspaper on the internet and watching stories interactively. We can use literacy to express our views on news stories in so many different ways. We can create blogs and wiki’s so that we not only express our viewpoint, but expect to be critically analised by people we will never meet, let alone know. We can express this viewpoint in our own web sites, that can be viewed by milllions, or by text on social networks such as Facebook (2010), a social network with a population of over 400 million users. We can also use literacy to express ourselves by video and publish our work on sites such as youtube which has over 120 million US members alone. Jarboe (2009) also states that over twenty hours of video information is published every minute of the day. These figures are immense compared to exposure of literature that we have been used to in the past. These vast figures also show that today, literacy is a far easier skill to appreciate and have than before and we can use literacy to give us freedom. 2 Even today we measure literacy skills on how well we read and write. As previously stated, there are so many ways that we can use literacy to express ourselves and hence enjoy freedom that method of testing of literacy is far outdated. Every second year the Australian education system tests our students in grade 5, year 7 and year 9 for their literacy and numeracy skills in a national competency test known as AIMS testing. The results of these tests are published and presented to the public via a website, https://www. myschool. edu. au/. To me this is an absolute contradiction in terms. How can be test literacy by a traditional method of reading and writing and then publish the results for all to read by a ‘modern’ method, via a website which is both graphical and interpretational. We expect our young students to learn how children have learnt for the past 100 years, yet expect parents to interpret information via a method that has been available to us for a few years. The traditional test results for each school are published for the whole world to see. Schools funding schemes and how well a school can look after its students are based on the results that the students acquire via this traditional method. Is this method truly testing our students for literacy, and by not testing the literacy skills that may be more relevant for a proportion of students, are we limiting their literacy skills and so their freedom to advance them in society? As part of Australian government initiative, a focus of the education revolution was to give every child from Year 9 to Year 12 access to a digital device. As explained by the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (2010), Schools spend many hundreds of dollars per student every year on Information Communication Technology. This expenditure by both school, state and 3 federal governments shows us the symbiotic nature of the digital world, and literacy. It is imperative that all students have access to this digital world, and thus literacy, to have freedom in the globalised world. With so many devices that give access to today’s knowledge societies, it should be a priority for any educational system to give access to a digital device. Gone are the days that students are brought to the library to work on 1 of 10 computers sitting in the corner. Students expect to have access to laptops, ipods, PDA’s or tablets at call. As reported by Serpo (2009) Victorian schools have given access to many grade 5 students a netbook. This has proven to be a success, with students finding many different methods to express themselves through writing, graphical analysis, recording sounds or recording video. This is a true offering of freedom in a globalised society. With teachers being able to introduce tools such as Interactive Smartboards the world is brought to the classroom via the internet. ith continued funding, global communication will be made easier for students as they learn. There have already been many projects using video conferencing in the classroom where students can talk to a real astronaut or communicate with fellow students all across the world. All of these developments expand the literacy of students, and with continued funding, give students freedom in a globalised world. With such vast amounts of literacy that are available to us, it is tempting for those in authority to have control over the information that we can see. The ABC (2009) reported that the Australian government will introduce compulsory internet filtering to block international websites at the governments discretion, a move seen by many to take away our freedom in a globalised society. This is a dangerous 4 precedent as any attempt to limit freedom must be. this move has come under the scrutiny of many develop nations, as Australia will be join the likes of China, Burma and North Korea to name a few to filter internet at a government level. Questions that need to be asked about this limitation of freedom will be questions such as what will be filtered and who will decide on this. The ramification of Australia’s position in a globalised society is still unsure, although one would expect that the effect can not be positive. China is a case in point at this time with much debate between China and a private company, Google, the worlds most popular search engine. There has already been talk about the effects that the move of Google leaving China will have on the political relationship with the United States. Surely this is a huge effect that literacy has on China’s ability to be part of a globalised world. The Australian(2010) reported, Without full and fair market competition, there will be no quality, no excellence, no employment opportunities, no stability and no real rise of China With the importance of the Internet and the way that people use it, the structure of the education system and the importance of Information, Communication and technology in our education system and the level of access that people have, literacy plays a huge role in offering freedom to the globalised society. With hundreds of millions of users world wide, even the smallest piece of expression can be viewed by a limitless amount of people. Surely freedom can only be offered to the globalised world through the use of the many literacy tools offered to us in today’s society. 5 Bibliography Nakumura, 2002, ‘Cultivating Global Literacy Through English as an International Language (EIL) Education in Japan: A New Paradigm for Global Education’, International Education Journal, Vol 3, No 5, 2002 Department of Education and Early Childhood, 2009, Education for Global and Multicultural Citizenship A Strategy for Victorian Government Schools 2009 2013, DEEC, Melbourne Facebook, 2010, https://www. facebook. om/press/info. php? statistics, retrieved 25th March, 2010 Jarboe, 2009, We Watch More YouTube Videos than We Conduct Google Searches, retrieved 25th March, 2010 . Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, 2010, ICT infrastructure budgeting, retrieved 23th March, 2010, Serpo, 2009, Victoria schools begin netbook trial, retrieved 24th March, 2010, ABC, 2009, Green light for internet filte r plans, ABC News, retrieved 24th March, 2010, McDonald, J. , 2010, ‘China without Google: a lose-lose scenario’, The Australian, 17 March, 2010, page unknown 6

Who is the Villain in the Frankenstein Essay - 714 Words

Mary Shelley is the original playwright of Frankenstein and it has been adapted since then by Phillip Pullman. Mary wrote it in 1818 and it was first performed in 1988, at the Polka Childrens theatre in Wimbledon. In the play, a doctor called Victor Frankenstein created life from an experiment, a monster, and although Frankenstein had intended the monster (who wasnt to be called the monster) to be a kind, caring and loving creature, the way the villagers treated him and turned away in disgust when they saw the monster, was the reason that the monster became evil. The main themes in Frankenstein are the themes of Nature versus Nuture, in which we find out that the monster was not intentionally villainous and that it was the way†¦show more content†¦In this play, there is not one clear villain as there are two main villains. These are Frankenstein and the monster. I believe that both Frankenstein and the monster are the villains because the monster kills the villagers and Fran kensteins family. Other people think that Frankenstein is the villain in Frankenstein because he doesnt seem to care about his dying father and he is more passionate about his work/ experiment of creating life. This is shown when Frankenstein says to Elizabeth Tomorrow! But- (page 21) when Elizabeth tries to get Frankenstein back home to see his dying father. This shows that Frankenstein doesnt really care about his family and anything/anyone other than his closest friends and his experiment. Frankenstein also comes across as quite a violent person as he hit his best friend Henri de Clerval over the head with a chair. We know this as the stage directions state he starts forward as if to destroy it, but Frankenstein, seeing his intention, seizes a chair and strikes Clerval with it from behind. The chair breaks-Clerval falls-stunned. This shows that although Frankenstein and Clerval are friends, Frankenstein is willing to attack to stop anyone from disrupting his experiment. On the o ther hand, I believe that the monster is the villain because although FrankensteinShow MoreRelatedWho Is The Villain? - Frankenstein Or The Monster?1206 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Who is the Villain? – Frankenstein or the Monster? Every story has its hero and villain. Some authors’ works easily clarify the debate between which character is the ultimate protagonist or the antagonist, but sometimes the author tries to toy with readers’ minds. Similarly, Frankenstein’s author, Marry Shelley is one of the authors who is not straightforward about who is the villain in her novel. In Frankenstein, both the Monster and Victor Frankenstein could be considered the villains in theRead MoreAbsence of Heroes and Villains in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein781 Words   |  4 PagesAbsence of Heroes and Villains in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Frankenstein is a gothic novel which was published in the 19th century, and was written by Mary Shelley. In the 19th century the most popular types of novels were horror. This novel was an early example of a thriller. One of the main reasons why Mary Shelley wrote a book about science, horror and suffering was because she knew that people in the 19thRead MoreWhat Makes Frankenstein A Gothic Novel?877 Words   |  4 PagesIV December 4, 2016 What makes Frankenstein a gothic novel? Mary Shelley creates a sense of gloom, mystery, and suspense, in her novel Frankenstein. The book generates these perceptions though the setting and the terrible events that go on throughout the book. 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It is most popular among horror film fanatics and becomes one of the most desired stories to be told around Halloween. Some see it as a well-told story of a man and his monstrous creation. But is there something deeper? Mary Shelley, the author of Frankenstein, gives light to many truths about the era of modern science. She is using Victor FrankensteinRead MoreFrankenstein by Mary Shelley849 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Who is the true antagonist† is a question that a reader may mull upon during the reading of certain novels. In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, the main character, Victor Frankenstein, although thought to be a victim, is in fact the villain of the novel Frankenstein. The plot of the novel consists of Victor Frankenstein causing tragedies and deaths as a result of his irresponsibility and yearning for fame. Victor also creates an antagonizing creature that has absolutely no knowledge of the basic ways

Homosexuality Is An Unnatural Phenomenon Essay - 3087 Words

When God created the universe, He didn’t create half things. He created everything of two species working and nating in harmony to produce for the purpose of continuity. The flowers should be heterogeneous as well as the trees. The animals wouldn’t exist if there is no heterogeneity and the same rules are applied on us as men and women. To God’s rules no half should exist. There is a day and night but nothing in between; there is existence or no existence but nothing in between. There should be warm cloud and cold cloud to produce rain but nothing in between. Anything that is in between is violating God’s rules, the law of nature. Homosexuality is an unnatural phenomenon that doesn’t guarantee the universe existence. It’s a virus that threatens the future generations. Homosexuality is threat to the humanity, it is a way to deliver diseases, mental health problems and not a way to deliver and raise healthy children. Okay, so now that we have something to work with, let s take a look at homosexuality act and discover the different negative impact that have on human’s life and the continuity of his life. First of all, Sexual relationships between members of the same sex however, expose gays, lesbians, and bisexuals to extreme risks of sexually transmitted disease such as human Papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a collection of more than seventy types of viruses that can cause warts, or papilloma, on various parts of the body. More than twenty types of HPV are incurableShow MoreRelatedHomosexuality Is A Form Of Emotional, Romantic, And Sexual Attraction858 Words   |  4 PagesAs one of the many sexual orientations, homosexuality is a form of emotional, romantic, and sexual attraction that is primarily or exclusively to people of the same sex. Homosexuality is a fairly recent phenomenon in the twenty-first century; in fact, this sexual orientation has significantly increased but there is no precise way to estimate the exact numbers due to people not openly identifying as such due to homophobia (which, in everyday use, is the fear of homosexuals) and homobigotry (intoleranceRead MoreWhy Na tural Law Theory Is an Inadequate Criticism of Homosexuality1147 Words   |  5 PagesNatural Law on these grounds, as well as proving that it is inapplicable when judging the ethical value of homosexuality, and discrediting homosexuality as a perversion. Act utilitarianism depicts the argument more clearly, because there are certain semantic inconsistencies with Kantian ethical Theory that will be discussed further on. Let us first consider the premise that homosexuality is contrary to Natural Law, because the Natural Law dictates that sexual relationships must be heterosexualRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Existence Of God1470 Words   |  6 PagesFor many years homosexuality has been a debate over acceptance but has been for the most part considered an immoral act based on religious beliefs and the obligation to obey God’s commandments. These views on homosexuality can relate to the Divine Command Theory because morality is dependent upon the actions God commands us to do. There is however controversy with the Divine Command Theory that argues that morality may not be what God says it is therefore, the basis of homosexuality being immoralRead MorePrejudice And Homosexuality And Sexual Love And Moral Experience1161 Words   |  5 PagesIsaiah Hines Phil. 2306-43430 05/14/2015 Prejudice and Homosexuality Sexual Love and Moral Experience For many years homosexuality and sex with out marriage has been condemned and debated most with in America . In all standards, homosexual men and women have been denied many rights within the land of the free and home of the brave. And if they have a(n) desire to want to be in the military then they are supposed to withhold their sexual orientation and preference, since this particularRead MoreGeek Masculinity And Its Effects On Society836 Words   |  4 Pagestheir masculinity where they can have access to power, status, and prestige. As a result, subcultures glorify traits associated with males such as toughness, delinquency and bravery all the while demeaning traits associated with femininity. This phenomenon is known as the cult of masculinity, which puts females into a â€Å"structured secondariness†. There is a male privilege among subculturists because of this cult of masculinity. Nerd masculinity in online gaming encompasses both a critique and reinforcementRead More Homosexuality And Its Psychological Behavior1575 Words   |  7 PagesHomosexuality: The attraction to same sex: sexual attraction to or sexual relations with somebody of the same sex. Since the beginning of time, homosexuality has always been shunned, taboo, and misunderstood. Homosexuality and its psychological behavior is a phenomenon with a long history, to which there have been various cultural and moral responses. Theories on sexual development claim that homosexuality is developed after birth as a result of a person’s environment (nature). Environmental factorsRead MoreEssay on Homosexuality: A Pesky Problem1272 Words   |  6 PagesIt is a sad sight indeed to walk throughout our magnificent towns and cities and find our eyes settle upon blights of the landscape. These childless, unnatural, and frightening â€Å"people†, who turn a keen eye upon those of the same sex, are a smudge upon our otherwise immaculate canvas. Many of those who count their profession amongst science have shined a privy light upon this queer behavior, and their findings are quite consistent, specifically that there is something not quite â€Å"right† with suchRea d MoreHomosexuality in Eighteenth Century England1079 Words   |  5 Pagestaboo surrounding the phenomenon in the Western world. From the Fourteenth Century on, Western Europe was gripped by a rabid and obsessive negative preoccupation with homosexuality as the most horrible of sins (Boswell 262). 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However in modern times we have developed a patrichal society that has forced heterosexualityRead MoreArgument Against Homosexual Marriage2189 Words   |  9 Pageslegal marriage is concerned, it is very not a civilized action under any circumstances. Anything against natural phenomenon is hazardous physically and mentally. Giving them lawful support can be a hazard for the upcoming generations and a hindrance in conceiving babies to continue a family chain. The society and government should not allow homosexuals marriage as it is an unnatural process and ethically unsound causing damage to the family life. MAIN BODY: Heterosexual marriage brings together

Police Brutality Research Paper - 1367 Words

English 111 December 5, 2011 Police brutality Police brutality is one of the most serious and divisive human rights violations in the United States and it occurs in every community. The job of a police officer is to maintain public order, prevent, and detect crime. They are engaged in a dangerous and stressful occupation that can involve violent situations that must be controlled. In many of these confrontations with the public it may become necessary for the police to administer force to take control of a situation. Sometimes this force takes the form of hand to hand combat with a suspect who resists being arrested. Not all police officers in communities are good cops. At least once a year the news is covering a story about a person†¦show more content†¦For example, an officer with a kid goes on a call where a young child is getting abused by his father; the police officer might lose his temper and attack the man. Police brutality is wrong for three reasons: Citizens, different races, and children donà ¢â‚¬â„¢t feel safe and they can’t trust law enforcement, it’s a crime, and people can get seriously injured if not killed. African Americans get the most brutality in communities. â€Å"Over the last 500 years people of different race, especially African Americans, have encountered a pattern of state sanctioned violence and civil and human rights abuse. To enforce capitalist exploitation and racial oppression the government and its police, courts, prisons, and military have beaten, framed, murdered and executed private persons, and brutally repressed struggles for freedom, justice, and self-determination. (Sundiata,1)†. The African Americans began to fight back against the beating of their race with riots. These riots and brutality started during the middle 1900’s. The government also takes the responsibility for the actions and non-actions of the police officers during race riots and rebellions. But why do blacks feel like they get beaten and harassed by law enforcement? Over the years, police have come to a conclusion that just because someone of a different race is in a luxurious car, t hey must be dealing drugs or looking for trouble in the community. Law enforcement isn’t trying to harass the community by pullingShow MoreRelatedA Research Paper On Police Brutality1411 Words   |  6 PagesJavell Gunn Ms. Cooney English CP10 25 October 2017 Research Paper One day a boy named Tyrone and his father were on there way to Six Flags when they were pulled over by a police officer. The cop walked up to the vehicle and Tyrone’s dad asked the officer why he was pulled over. Then the cop asked Blue, Tyrone s dad, to step out the car so he stepped out the car and the officer searched him. 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Annotated Literature Review GPS Tracking - 845 Words

Alphonse, L. (2010, June). Would you implant a microchip in your child? Boston.com. Retrieved from: http://www.boston.com/community/moms/ blogs/in_the_parenthood/2010/06/would_you_implant_a_microchip_in_your_child.html Written for the lay person, the idea surrounds the disappearance of a child and whether the introduction of implanted chips would make a difference in kidnapping, child abduction, and child pornography. Despite being journalistic in origin, the article quotes statistics from other reliable sources, like the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. This data indicates that about 800,000 children are reported missing annually, but only 115 of them were kidnapped by criminals or people they did not know. Some would argue that if a microchip can prevent even one childs death, the other consequences are worth it. Others would argue that it is more hype and fear that are driving the marketing of such chips. This article will be the starting point of research on the subject. Dice, M. (2011). Big Brother: The Orwellian Nightmare Come True. San Diego, CA: The Resistance Press. This is a journalistic (and clearly biased) review of the idea of how technology can impact society in a negative manner, the so-called Big Brother approach. The author finds that even the non-invasive GPS tracking materials, the 2009 Little Buddy that is placed in a backpack or lunch pail can be misused. The parent sets a boundary and a time schedule, and if the child movesShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Media On Social Media1487 Words   |  6 Pagesacross the social media has been ever increasing. There has been a lot of research on social media and privacy implications of sharing photos and videos on it. Privacy implications of cloud-based storage need to be researched further as the current literature on this is clearly not sufficient. Increasingly, many are storing their own private photos and videos in the cloud. 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We are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce copyright material: Tables Table 14.1 adapted from ‘Why change programs don t produce change’, Harvard Business Review, November to December (Beer et al; 1990) In some instances we have been unable to trace the owners of copyright material, and we would appreciate any information that would enable us to do so. 6  © Pearson Education Limited 2011 Johnson, WhittingtonRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesgrade. Note: If your text did not include a printed access card for ThomsonNOW, it is available for purchase online at http://www.thomsonedu.com. Instructor Resources ââ€"   Print Annotated Instructor’s Edition (0-495-11888-5) The Annotated Instructor’s Edition contains answers for all exercises, as well as an annotated table of contents with comments written by Roxy Peck. 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Emergency Preparedness and Response free essay sample

There is an ongoing debate however, as to what level of contribution local, state, and federal agency’s feel is an appropriate level of ongoing public health investments. A bioterrorism event will emphasize existing doubts in the delivery of the public health system. The critical choice for public health authorities at the local, state, and federal is not to decide where the power to protect the public health lies but rather where the leadership to respond to a bioterrorism event will originate. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is assigned the duty of monitoring, assessing, and following up on people’s health during a bioterrorist attack they are responsible for ensuring the safety of workers responding to an incident, that the food supply is safe, and providing medical, public health, and mental/behavioral health advice. HHS has primary responsibility for federal public health and medical response in a bioterrorist incident because response and recovery efforts will rely on public health and medical emergency response. We will write a custom essay sample on Emergency Preparedness and Response or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Assistant Secretary for Public Health Emergency Preparedness will coordinate responses with DHS and other federal and state agencies from the Secretary’s Operations Center. HHS will coordinate the federal public health and medical response to a bioterror attack. The basic functions of the federal, state, and local level during an Anthrax bioterrorism event are first and foremost is to protect the health, safety, and general welfare of the public and their response should be delivered in a comprehensive and all-encompassing manner. This includes virtually any governmental action needed to control the threat to the population. Therefore, in order to fulfill that responsibility to ensure the publics health state public health authorities could (as they have in the past) temporarily constrain certain civil liberties. They can require private sector participation in public health objectives, shut down potentially harmful industries, destroy contaminated property, deport or prevent the entry of individuals who may infect others, ration supplies, and control the flow of information (Hodge, 2002). During emergencies, the importance of our country’s communications systems becomes clear. These communications systems include the wire line and wireless telephone networks, broadcast and cable television, radio, Public Safety Land Mobile Radio, satellite systems and increasingly the Internet. For example, in an emergency, we may dial 911, call our family members to make sure they are safe, and turn on our televisions and radios to get breaking news and important updates (FCC, 2012). For communication to be effectual there has to be specific strategies in place that will insure that everyone has an opportunity to voice their concerns and soliciting community-based input from individuals and organizations. Some of the specific strategies or activities according to Turnock will vary from community to community but will generally include hearings, dialogues, discussion forums, meetings, and collaborative planning sessions. The specific roles and authority of community participants should be clarified so that the process is not perceived as one driven largely by the health agency and so-called experts (p. 114). On May 22, 2012, employees and volunteers at the Quad-Cities Processing amp; Distribution Facility in Rock Island County, Illinois, participated in a full-scale bioterrorism exercise to prepare first responders for biological attacks. As with any post office, hundreds of thousands of letters are processed daily. The steps that Rock Island County took to insure the safety and well-being of not only the employees but also the greater public was to first get a head count off all the affected employees, then they put those individuals through decontamination then receive their antibiotics. According to the article, firefighters with hoses then pretended to spray down volunteers, who took real showers in MABAS vehicles. Volunteers were checked for vital signs before boarding a bus and being taken to a medical area where they would receive their medications. In a real situation, the medications would be taken from the national stockpile. There is still room for improvement in my opinion; there are no clear defined responsibilities or roles for the employees. What is the chain of command, who will contact the Center for Disease Control, or verify contamination and treat those infected? While Illinois is prepared on basic level to treat a small-contained outbreak from an anthrax attack, they still have a long way to go to make sure that all the citizens of Illinois understand their responsibilities and obligations to ensure containment, and its survival. Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis the spores can be used as a bioterrorist weapon, as was the case in 2001, when Bacillus anthracis spores had been intentionally distributed through the postal system, causing 22 cases of anthrax, including 5 deaths. One death caused by a terrorist attack is unacceptable and can be prevented as long as the proper strategies, protocols and procedures are followed to protect the American citizens on a local, state, and federal level. Reference: Federal Communication Commission (2012).

Aim and Core Business of Healthcare System-Samples for Students

Question: Identify two organisations in an industry of your choice. These Organisations must have clearly different value chain designs and structures. Answer: Introduction Healthcare is the second-largest growing industry sector for economy and nursing being the largest occupation within this healthcare industry. The improvements in healthcare improve the safety and quality of patient care and delivery of care by the nurses. There is an ardent necessity of quality and safety improvements that would permeate healthcare. Everyone who works in healthcare sector has the responsibility to create a safe and quality healthcare system that ensure patient safety and best practice in accordance with clinical standards (McFadden, Stock Gowen III, 2015). To maintain a safe environment in healthcare reflects the vigilance and compassion level for patient safety and is an important aspect in healthcare. Besides safe workforce, it is also necessary that a stable environment prevent the adverse healthcare events that hamper patient safety and their health outcomes. The following essay involves the safe and quality nursing care in healthcare organizations focusing on the five moments of hand hygiene, process data and outcome data in order to improve the quality and safety of healthcare and nursing focusing on auditing process to improve patient outcomes and reduction of hospital infections. Aim and core business of healthcare system The aims of healthcare system are to deliver safe, effective and quality health interventions to patients with minimum wastage of resources to achieve best health outcomes. This can be achieved through a well functioning workforce who would be fair, responsive and efficient in providing the best quality of care to patients (Bodenheimer Sinsky, 2014). It is also aimed at providing adequate care and treatment to patients through surgical, medical and nursing care where patients health and life are the central concern of the healthcare institutions. Apart from focusing on health care, the core business also involves the nursing sectorStress being a psychological assessment parameter in the form of occupational stress affects the patient care, responsibility, decision-making and organizational change. The work hours, human suffering, physical labour, staffing and interpersonal relationships has a great impact on the working state of nurses that has created a turbulence in their working condition (Ulrich Kear, 2014). The lack of recognition as an employee, poor appraisal and working conditions like less nurse to patient ratio affect the nurses performance and the healthcare system as a whole. In a similar manner, core business of health institutions is also affected. Interpersonal relationships between the healthcare provider and patient as well as burnout and poor working conditions affect the performance and productivity of the healthcare organization as a whole. The underperformance of hospital staffs and poor delivery of care services affect the performance of the healthcare organization leading to nurse burnout and staff shortages. These factors adversely affect the provision of quality healthcare services among the healthcare organizations (Aiken et al., 2013). Process Data The collection, classification and aggregation of data concerning prevention, mitigation and recovery strategies are the process data that is crucial for patient safety and quality of care. Process data measures determine the healthcare provider ability to maintain health and improve the quality of care to the people receiving care (Moore et al., 2015). Process data reflects the general recommendations that are required to improve the healthcare quality and ensure patient safety. For the quality improvement, process data is a way to understand the actual scenario in the delivery of healthcare services, factors affecting delivery of services and how improvement can be achieved in quality and safety in healthcare. The processing of data can be done in many ways like staff or patient feedback, clinical audit or analysis of the near mistakes and misses (Ivers et al., 2014). Auditing in healthcare is a process for the assessment, evaluation and improvement of patient safety and care in a systematic way (Black, 2013). Auditing measures the current practice against a standard or desired practice. This is a part of clinical governance that is aimed at safeguarding the highest quality of care and safety in healthcare services. For instance, auditing of hand hygiene is a way to prevent hospital-associated infections and improve the organizational practice in quality of healthcare services (Gould et al., 2017). Donabedian model explains that the measurement of process data evaluate the quality of care that contains the healthcare delivery acts (Mumford et al., 2014). This data can be obtained from interviewing patients and medical staffs, medical records or healthcare visits through direct observation (Victor et al., 2015). Therefore, this framework examines the healthcare services and evaluates quality of healthcare. Outcome data Outcome data measures in healthcare is defined as the change that is required for the patients, medical staffs or population that attributes to an intervention to bring about a desirable change (Nelson et al., 2015). It studies the results or outcomes of structure and process of healthcare system on the well-being and health of patients and medical staffs. It measures the hospital safety and quality performance in terms of outcome measuring mortality, patient experience and readmission, etc. The outcome data measures, reports, compare the health outcomes that are aimed at improving the patient health, experiences, and reduce the per capita healthcare costs (Boyce, Browne Greenhalgh, 2014). It is dedicated to outcome improvement where it a measure to test and implement the changes required improving the quality of healthcare. For instance, outcome data measures the result of an intervention or test that is objectively developed to determine the implemented desired change over the cur rent practice. For example, outcome data in hand hygiene are the direct results of care that patients receive. The gathering, measuring and analysis of the processing data through auditing support and measure the health outcomes in the healthcare institutions (Zingg et al., 2015). This would measure the performance of healthcare delivery in maintaining hand hygiene and in the reduction of hospital associated infections. The outcome data would discretely measure the endpoints in quality, safety of healthcare like infection related morbidity, mortality, readmission, and length of hospital stays. Through auditing and patient feedback that is the processing data for hand hygiene, the outcome would measure the change in behaviour and patient health outcomes to reduce the rate of hospital related infections like nosocomial infections or readmissions. There should be improved patient outcomes that would measure improved health outcomes in patients ensuring safety and care. Outcome data would also measure the behaviour change in patients and medical staffs regarding hand hygiene, monitoring of the infection rates and transmission rates of the epidemiological pathogens monitoring. Clinical care activity The hand hygiene and the five moments is a clinical care activity for the processimg and outcome of the data can be measured. Hand hygiene is an approach that defines the performing of hand washing by the healthcare workers to reduce the hospital related infection rates. The five moments include the cleaning of hands by healthcare providers before and after touching a patient, use of clean or aseptic procedures, when exposed to body fluids and the patient surroundings (Bergsbaken et al., 2014). According to World Health Organization (WHO) there are millions of patients being affected by healthcare and hospital related infection. It is a true global burden of disease as there is difficulty in gathering reliable data. However, this can be prevented through five moments of hand hygiene that is cleaning hands at the right time and way. Process data can be done for the hand hygiene through clinical auditing activity (White et al., 2015). In this, patients and healthcare providers are being interviewed to know about their hand hygiene practices like how often they clean their hands. Auditing is the process data and monitoring tool where it measures the hand hygiene compliance and extent to which they adhere to guidelines of hand hygiene (Ryan et al., 2015). This would also aid in reducing the rates of hospital related infection, readmissions and longer hospital stays. Process of data can be applied in a way whether the healthcare professionals can be interviewed to know about the ir hand washing practice. The outcome data of hand hygiene and auditing would measure the practice of hand washing among the healthcare professionals. For example, it would also measure the lapses that would be seen in the infection prevention measures and control team in a clinical setting. Hand hygiene audit data would measure the hand hygiene compliance by the medical staffs and patient health outcomes. This also monitors the rate of infections before and after the implementation of infection prevention programs for better health outcomes among patients. Clinical auditing Clinical auditing is the process data that is used to measure the safety and quality of healthcare and nursing practice. Auditing by healthcare providers is a measure that can be used to look for the awareness among the healthcare providers regarding hospital related infections and hand hygiene compliance to prevent it (Higgins Hannan, 2013). Clinical auditing has been chosen as it can benefit the patients, healthcare professionals and organization for improving the quality and safety of healthcare services. It improves the patient outcomes and prevention of hospital related infections, readmissions and longer hospital stays. The process data measures the degree of improvement made in healthcare and patient satisfaction. It can be executed in a way to measure quality of healthcare against relevant standards to prevent infection rates. It would involve a cycle of activities that provides evidence for specific measures to raise the quality standards and reduction of hospital related i nfection control. Surveys and focus groups interviews of the healthcare professionals are a way to obtain their views about the hand hygiene and quality of care they are delivering under the provision of care (Bowling, 2014). To prevent hospital related infection, survey questionnaire and interviews of healthcare providers would help to evaluate how often they practice hand hygiene and monitor the infection rates, readmissions and hospital stays. Clinical auditing also measures the behaviour change that is required to inculcate the hand hygiene compliance and as a result, reduce the hospital related infection rates and ensure patient safety. Direct observation is also regarded as the gold standard for the auditing of hand hygiene. It provides information about hand hygiene products in use, thoroughness of cleaning, staffs compliance or failure to maintain hand hygiene and barriers to performance and ways to overcome it. Outcome data After the evaluation of the auditing data, results would show the recommendations required for change. The auditing data results have been chosen as it would measure the compliance of healthcare professionals towards hand hygiene practice and monitoring of the hospital related infections. The outcome data of a careful hand hygiene audits would help to motivate the staffs to enhance their compliance to hand hygiene and the audit results leading to decrease in infections rates and hospital stays (Arai et al., 2016). The outcome data for the illness was selected as it would help to understand the impact of the hospital related infection on clients, hospital and the state as a whole. The prolonged illness due to infections would increase the hospital stays and readmission of the patients affecting their health and well-being. It would also have a great impact on the hospital or the healthcare institution. The increase in the duration of hospital stay would result in bed blocking and decrease in the productivity of the hospital. It also questions the hospitals efficiency to provide best quality of care to the patients and in some rare cases, there might be court claim that hampers the reputation of the healthcare institution. The illness data like nosocomial infections would also have an impact on the state as a whole. If a person is hospitalized for a longer duration, it decreases the productivity of that individual as his or her inability to work. There is a great burden of disease in the state d ue to the hospital related infections and increased healthcare costs for the patients (Luangasanatip et al., 2015). This outcome data from the healthcare professionals through clinical auditing also measures the compliance of the staffs towards five moments of hand hygiene to reduce the infections rates in hospital and decrease burden of disease due to hospital related infections. This also helps to understand the change required and its impact on the hospital as a whole. It also paves the way for implementing behaviour change that would help to increase hand hygiene compliance among staffs and awareness about hospital related infections and prolonged patient illness. Critical analysis Clinical auditing is an important tool that improves the quality of care in healthcare institution. It consists of a clinical process or outcome that is well defined and against the standards that are set on principles of evidence-based practices that identifies change need to improve the safety and quality of healthcare services. In particularly, clinical auditing measures the hand hygiene compliance by the staffs and present the overall evidence that favours the clinical auditing process data (Lippi et al., 2015). Auditing, a part of clinical governance that provides opportunities for change required against current practice and implement desired change. After knowing this, it provides recommendations for behaviour change and compliance towards hand hygiene leading to reduction of hospital related infections. It is a part of continuous improvement process in quality and safety of healthcare institutions and nursing. These steps to change can improve the healthcare quality as it ens ures patient safety and improve in quality of healthcare services, as there is reduction of hospital related infections. This result in decrease of hospital stays readmissions, bed blocking because of hospital related infections. However, direct observation is exhaustive and time taking, but use of hand washing products can help to measure the hand hygiene practice among the staffs. The outcome data would measure the compliance of the staffs towards hand hygiene and interventions required to bring about change to reduce hospital related infections. The questionnaire and interviews from medical staffs would help to evaluate their awareness regarding the infection control and their compliance to hand hygiene. This would also help to determine the targeted group for change, its management, barriers and ways to overcome it. This measures the rate of infection control awareness among the staffs to ensure patient safety and quality of care (Chartier et al., 2017). Conclusion The above discussion demonstrates that everyone who works in healthcare sector has the responsibility to create a safe and quality healthcare system that ensure patient safety and best practice in accordance with clinical standards. Process data measures indicate the ability of a healthcare provider to maintain health and improve the quality of healthcare to the people receiving care. The outcome data measures, reports, compare the health outcomes that are aimed at improving the patient health, experiences, and reduce the per capita healthcare costs. The auditing data results helps in measuring the compliance of healthcare professionals towards hand hygiene practice and monitoring of the hospital related infections. Surveys and focus groups interviews of healthcare professionals are a way to obtain their views about the hand hygiene and quality of care they are delivering under the provision of care. Therefore, process and outcome data are useful in improving the quality and safety f or patients. References Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., Bruyneel, L., Van den Heede, K., Sermeus, W., RN4CAST Consortium. (2013). Nurses reports of working conditions and hospital quality of care in 12 countries in Europe.International journal of nursing studies,50(2), 143-153. Arai, A., Tanabe, M., Yamazaki, D., Muraki, Y., Yasuda, K., Nakamura, A., Kaneko, T. (2016). Impact of Measuring Physicians' Hand Hygiene Adherence in Outpatient Setting Using Automated Hand Hygiene Count Devices.American Journal of Infection Control,44(6), S63. Bergsbaken, J., Schulz, L. T., Trapskin, P. J., Marx, J., Safdar, N. (2014). Pharmacist participation in infection prevention: an innovative approach to monitoring compliance with the Five Moments for Hand Hygiene in a large academic medical center.American journal of infection control,42(3), 331-332. Black, N. (2013). Patient reported outcome measures could help transform healthcare.BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online),346. Bodenheimer, T., Sinsky, C. (2014). From triple to quadruple aim: care of the patient requires care of the provider.The Annals of Family Medicine,12(6), 573-576. Bowling, A. (2014).Research methods in health: investigating health and health services. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Boyce, M. B., Browne, J. P., Greenhalgh, J. (2014). The experiences of professionals with using information from patient-reported outcome measures to improve the quality of healthcare: a systematic review of qualitative research.BMJ Qual Saf, bmjqs-2013. Chartier, L. B., Cheng, A. H., Stang, A. S., Vaillancourt, S. (2017). Quality improvement primer part 1: Preparing for a quality improvement project in the emergency department.Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 1-8. Gould, D. J., Creedon, S., Jeanes, A., Drey, N. S., Chudleigh, J., Moralejo, D. (2017). Impact of observing hand hygiene in practice and research: a methodological reconsideration.Journal of Hospital Infection,95(2), 169-174. Higgins, A., Hannan, M. M. (2013). Improved hand hygiene technique and compliance in healthcare workers using gaming technology.Journal of Hospital Infection,84(1), 32-37. Ivers, N. M., Grimshaw, J. M., Jamtvedt, G., Flottorp, S., OBrien, M. A., French, S. D., ... Odgaard-Jensen, J. (2014). Growing literature, stagnant science? Systematic review, meta-regression and cumulative analysis of audit and feedback interventions in health care.Journal of general internal medicine,29(11), 1534-1541. Lippi, G., Banfi, G., Church, S., Cornes, M., De Carli, G., Grankvist, K., ... Nybo, M. (2015). Preanalytical quality improvement. In pursuit of harmony, on behalf of European Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE).Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM),53(3), 357-370. Luangasanatip, N., Hongsuwan, M., Limmathurotsakul, D., Lubell, Y., Lee, A. S., Harbarth, S., ... Cooper, B. S. (2015). 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Ryan, K., Havers, S., Olsen, K., Stewardson, A., Cruickshank, M., Grayson, M. L. (2015). The keys to success: initial findings from the Hand Hygiene Australia (HHA) program review.Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control,4(1), P144. Ulrich, B., Kear, T. (2014). Patient safety and patient safety culture: foundations of excellent health care delivery.Nephrology Nursing Journal,41(5), 447. Victor, E., Vasanth, E., Raghavan, S., Joshi, P., Lodha, R., Kapil, A. (2015). A clinical audit to assess the impact of hand hygiene awareness program on health care professionals compliance with hand hygiene in a tertiary care hospital.Journal of Patient Safety Infection Control,3(2), 78. White, K. M., Jimmieson, N. L., Obst, P. L., Graves, N., Barnett, A., Cockshaw, W., ... Martin, E. (2015). Using a theory of planned behaviour framework to explore hand hygiene beliefs at the 5 critical moments among Australian hospital-based nurses.BMC health services research,15(1), 59. Zingg, W., Holmes, A., Dettenkofer, M., Goetting, T., Secci, F., Clack, L., ... Pittet, D. (2015). Hospital organisation, management, and structure for prevention of health-care-associated infection: a systematic review and expert consensus.The Lancet Infectious Diseases,15(2), 212-224